ASP.NET Web PDF Document Viewer/Editor Control Library

The while and for loops in Python are quite flexible, but every once in a while you may encounter a problem that makes you wish you had more functionality. For example, let s say you want to do something while a user enters words at a prompt, and you want to end the loop when no word is provided. One way of doing that would be word = 'dummy' while word: word = raw_input('Please enter a word: ') # do something with the word: print 'The word was ' + word Here is an example session: Please enter The word was Please enter The word was Please enter a word: first first a word: second second a word:

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And put this in a file called b.rb:

require 'a' puts "Hello from b.rb" require 'a' puts "Hello again from b.rb"

Now that you ve reviewed the complete presentation, it s always a good idea to have someone with fresh eyes take a look at the presentation to verify that you didn t miss anything, make a typographical error, or misstate something. When you prepare the presentation for review, plan to send it as notes pages so that it can be cleared not only for what appears on screen but also for the information covered in the notes area.

Run with ruby b.rb to get the result:

In this example, the a.rb file is included only once. It s included on line 1, and Hello from a.rb gets printed to the screen, but then when it s included again on line 3 of b.rb, nothing occurs. In contrast:

This works just like you want it to. (Presumably you d do something more useful with the word than print it out, though.) However, as you can see, this code is a bit ugly. To enter the loop in the first place, you have to assign a dummy (unused) value to word. Dummy values like this are usually a sign that you aren t doing things quite right. Let s try to get rid of it: word = raw_input('Please enter a word: ') while word: # do something with the word: print 'The word was ' + word word = raw_input('Please enter a word: ') Here the dummy is gone, but I have repeated code (which is also a bad thing): I have to use the same assignment and call to raw_input in two places. How can I avoid that I can use the while True/break idiom: while True: word = raw_input('Please enter a word: ') if not word: break # do something with the word: print 'The word was ' + word

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load puts load puts 'a' "Hello from b.rb" 'a' "Hello again from b.rb"

With load, the code is loaded and reprocessed anew each time you use the load method. require, on the other hand, only processes external code once.

The 2007 Microsoft Of ce system includes a new feature that allows you to save documents in the popular PDF format. Saving your PowerPoint le in PDF format allows you to send a version of the presentation electronically in a form that does not allow others to alter it. To save a presentation as a PDF le, visit the Microsoft Download Center at www.microsoft.com to download the free 2007 Microsoft Of ce Add-In, Microsoft Save as PDF or XPS. After you install the add-in, open a PowerPoint presentation, click the Microsoft Of ce Button, click Save As, and then select PDF Or XPS. In the Publish As PDF Or XPS dialog box, select the le name, and in the Save As Type drop-down list, select PDF. Click the Options button, and in the Options dialog box, under Publish What, select Notes Pages. (Because you make use of both the slide area and the notes area, you ll usually want to send the full notes pages, rather than the slides alone.) Con gure any other settings you want, and then click OK to close the Options dialog box. Last, in the Publish As PDF Or XPS dialog box, click Publish to create the PDF.

Note Ruby programmers generally use require rather than load. The effects of load are only useful

if the code in the external file has changed or if it contains active code that will be executed immediately. However, a good programmer will avoid the latter situation, and external files will only contain classes and modules that will, generally, rarely change.

Note An idiom is a common way of doing things that people who know the language are assumed to know.